The PLC can control motors, valves and switches using sensor values to determine when and how to take action within parameters supplied by a supervisory system. PLCs are rugged electronics, designed to operate reliably in conditions that may expose them to vibration, environmental challenges and electrical noise. PLCs implement localized control strategies using a dedicated microprocessor system on site in the case of remote equipment and for the management of equipment groups on a factory floor.
A custom DCS solution can run smoothly for years, but initial design and implementation may require significant effort and expertise. For legacy production environments, it centralizes chart recorders and dedicated operators. The monitoring console can look like a nuclear power plant control room - and in some ways is quite similar, since it may be controlling a large paper factory or food processing facility.ĭCS uses communication networks to centralize alarm monitoring and response, data logging and equipment control, and it also works with management systems such as production scheduling. DCSĪ Distributed Control System tends to be used in large-scale facilities, controlling and coordinating a large hierarchy of functions and processes. UL (Underwriters Laboratory) standard UL covers testable cybersecurity criteria and NIST (National Institute for Standards and Technology) has been creating an Industrial Control Systems security framework to protect critical national infrastructure, 90% of which is under private control. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) standard C37.1 provides SCADA and automation requirements for power substations. Organizations including the International Society of Automation (ISA) provide control system standards, training and design guidance. Industrial networking standards such as the Common Industrial Protocol (CIP) for network communication provide interconnection between system components.
Interoperability is the key to process control system design, reliability and safety. Versatile sensors, controls and communication equipment let process engineers create a solid, reliable way to get work done. The process can be limited to a laboratory environment, expand across a manufacturing floor or use wireless technologies to integrate oil and gas operations in the field. Like a complex railroad diagram, the HMI (or Human-Machine Interface) of a process control system shows the functional components of the system and their status.
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